LA DÉMOCRATIE, L’ÉTERNEL, L'ANIMAL ET JÉRUSALEM

הכנסת Compte certifié @KnessetIL 46 min
"אכנס את ועדת אי ההתייצבות בפני ועדות הכנסת בעקבות פרשת סלינגר": יו"ר הכנסת @YuliEdelstein לוועדת החקירה הפרלמנטרית להתנהלות המערכת הפיננסית בהסדרי אשראי ללווים עסקיים גדולים בראשות ח"כ@cabel_eitan כי בעקבות פנייתם ייכנס את הוועדה העוסקת בהפרה של חובת ההתייצבות בפני ועדות הכנסת.


TIGNARD YANIS @TIGNARDYANIS
2 min il y a 2 minutes
En réponse à @KnessetIL @YuliEdelstein @cabel_eitan
http://Afrik.com @AfrikInfo il y a 8 heures
Depuis des mois, le président comorien Azali Assoumani est en guerre
contre Mayotte la française et les « ennemis de l’intérieur ».
En ligne de mire : le référendum constitutionnel du 30 juillet 2018
https://www.afrik.com/comores-azali-le-referendum-et-les-kwassa-kwassa …
TAY


LES PRIMATES SERAIENT NÉS SUR LES ARBRES D'ASIE. IL EST INTÉRESSANT DE VOIR
QUE NOS ANCÊTRES N'ONT PAS ATTENDU NOTRE APPARITION POUR FABRIQUER DES OUTILS :
SORTIE DU JARDIN D'EDEN, NOUS AVIONS LES MOTS MAIS LA NATURE POSSÈDE SON SOUFFLE.
TAY

DANS L'ÉVOLUTION DES BRANCHES DE L'ARBRE DES PRIMATES, DES PRINCIPES D'ANTHROPOLOGIE
ACCORDAIENT DES PRINCIPES D'INTELLIGENCE ET D'INNOCENCE PROPRE À L'HOMME.
IL SEMBLERAIT QUE LE PRINCIPE D'HUMANITÉ PUISSE ÊTRE ÉLARGI AU DELÀ DE L'ÊTRE HUMAIN.
TAY

Genesis - Mama.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiu-hAIHMDQ
AU FANTASME, L'HOMME PORTE UNE CLÉMENCE SUR LA FÉMINITÉ LIVRÉE AUX CAPRICES
D'UNE MÉTÉOROLOGIE NOMMÉE LES MŒURS ET LA FÉCONDITÉ :
CE CHOIX EST CELUI D'UN REGARD QU'ON DONNE AUX HOMMES.
BRISONS CE PRINCIPE QUE LA SÉDUCTION EST PERFIDE.
TAY


TIGNARD YANIS @TIGNARDYANIS
1 min il y a 1 minute
LA LUMIÈRE EST UNE GUIDE DEVANT L'ATTRIBUT ET L'OBSCURITÉ DÉMONTRE DE LA CONVICTION
ET DE LA NATURE DE LA CONSCIENCE. IL EST DES RÈGLES D'ÉTHIQUE
DONT IL NE FAUT PAS SE DÉTOURNER POUR DÉVELOPPER LE DEVENIR
ET LE RÊVE DE L'ÊTRE: NON À LA TORTURE: DIT YAHVÉ.
TAY

LA CITOYENNETÉ.
LA FORCE DE LA NATURE PERMETTRA À LA JUSTICE DE DÉMASQUER
LES USURPATEURS D'UNIFORMES. TOUTES PERSONNES A DROIT D'ÊTRE DÉFENDU
AVEC OU SANS UNIFORMES :
IL Y A DES MANIÈRES DE MANIFESTER ET IL Y A DES FAÇONS D'APPRÉHENDER.
TAY


TIGNARD YANIS @TIGNARDYANIS
23 min il y a 23 minutes
En réponse à @AssembleeNat @BrunoMillienne
LE 27 JUILLET 2018. LES MOUETTES ONT CHANTÉ AUX CRÉPUSCULES DU SOLEIL.
LE CHANT DU CHAOS OU L'ÉCLIPTIQUE ME MONTRA LES FRISSONS QU'IL INSPIRE
ENCORE DANS LE CŒUR DE L'HUMANITÉ. NOUS ÉTIONS LÀ À ÊTRE EN COMMUNION
AVEC LA FORCE DE L'UNIVERS ET CE SENTIMENT D'ÊTRE SUR LA TERRE.
TAY

MOSAÏQUE DE SENTIMENTS DU
CITOYEN TIGNARD YANIS

3-5 août 2018: Nuits des étoiles, les manifestations près de chez vous.
http://www.esa.int/fre/ESA_in_your_country/France/3-5_aout_2018_Nuits_des_etoiles_les_manifestations_pres_de_chez_vous
Go with the Flow !
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/ocean-currents/en/
Non à la mine d’or industrielle en Guyane !
https://www.sauvonslaforet.org/petitions/1084/president-macron-non-a-la-mine-dor-industrielle-en-guyane
Merci, Majesty King Abdullah II.
TAY

Majesty King Abdullah II.
Space for our skies.
Iris: satcom for aviation.
http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos/2018/08/Iris_satcom_for_aviation
La loi ne protègera pas les enfants.
https://www.change.org/p/12395146/u/23086629?utm_medium=email&utm_source=petition_update&utm_campaign=391935&sfmc_tk=8Lv8WvsneUfAG00fU8uJf1HrM0jAJzF0ndUjH%2fU9%2fiVfhgVphAOa88f4itHleMsB&j=391935&sfmc_sub=421773798&l=32_HTML&u=64842015&mid=7259882&jb=503
Le scutoïde, cette nouvelle forme géométrique identifiée dans nos cellules.
https://www.futura-sciences.com/sante/actualites/biologie-scutoide-cette-nouvelle-forme-geometrique-identifiee-nos-cellules-72235/#xtor=EPR-57-[ALERTE]-20180801
Y'BECCA.

MOSAÏQUE DU
CITOYEN TIGNARD YANIS
ALIAS
TAY
La chouette effraie

Le scutoïde, cette nouvelle forme géométrique identifiée dans nos cellules.

Des chercheurs décrivent une nouvelle forme géométrique trouvée dans des cellules épithéliales et qui favoriserait leur stabilité lors des torsions des tissus. Comme cette structure n'avait pas de nom mathématique, elle a été appelée « scutoïde », en référence au scutellum des insectes.

Lors du développement de l'embryon, les tissus se transforment. Ils se courbent, se plient, se tordent, pour se structurer en formes complexes qui donneront les organes. Les cellules épithéliales sont comme des briques emboîtées les unes aux autres et qui forment des couches de tissus, par exemple au niveau de la peau, de l'intestin...

Entassées de manière resserrée, les unes contre les autres, les cellules épithéliales possèdent une forme souvent décrite comme ressemblant à un prisme avec des faces polygonales à chacune des deux extrémités. Mais au cours du développement embryonnaire, cette structure se modifie. Par exemple, lors de la neurulation, l'étape au cours de laquelle se forme le tube neural, les cellules perdent leur forme « en colonne » pour ressembler à une bouteille.

De manière schématique, la forme en bouteille des cellules ressemble à un frustum (ou tronc de pyramide), c'est-à-dire le solide correspondant à la partie du bas d'une pyramide coupée par deux plans parallèles. Les frustums ont des faces polygonales aux deux extrémités, avec le même nombre de côtés mais une surface différente.

Le scutoïde ressemble à un prisme tordu. Cette modélisation présente deux scutoïdes. © Gómez-Gálvez et al., Nature Communications, 2018
https://www.futura-sciences.com/sante/actualites/biologie-scutoide-cette-nouvelle-forme-geometrique-identifiee-nos-cellules-72235/#xtor=EPR-57-[ALERTE]-20180801

Une modélisation informatique pour comprendre l'organisation des tissus

Un groupe de chercheurs des universités de Séville (Espagne) et Lehigh (États-Unis) a voulu comprendre l'organisation géométrique des tissus grâce à une modélisation informatique.
ACTUALITÉ DES MARQUES

1 feu de forêt sur 2 est causé par une imprudence : adoptons les bons gestes pour prévenir les feux de forêt !
“
Lorsque la courbure du tissu augmente, les colonnes et les bouteilles ne sont pas les seules formes que les cellules peuvent développer.

Javier Buceta, un des auteurs de ces travaux, a expliqué dans un communiqué :

« Au cours du processus de modélisation, les résultats que nous avons vus étaient étranges.

Notre modèle a prédit que lorsque la courbure du tissu augmente, les colonnes et les bouteilles ne sont pas les seules formes que les cellules peuvent développer.

Ainsi, à notre grande surprise, la forme supplémentaire n'avait même pas de nom en mathématiques ! »
La nouvelle forme géométrique rappelle le scutellum des insectes

La nouvelle forme identifiée ressemble à un prisme, avec à une extrémité un polygone à six côtés et à l'autre extrémité un polygone à cinq côtés ; sur le bord allongé, se trouve aussi une face triangulaire. L'équipe a décidé de nommer cette nouvelle forme géométrique « scutoïde », à cause de sa ressemblance avec le scutellum du thorax d'un insecte.
Vue dorsale d'un coléoptère avec, en pointillé et de forme triangulaire, la forme rappelant un scutoïde. © Gómez-Gálvez et al., Nature Communications, 2018

Vue dorsale d'un coléoptère avec, en pointillé et de forme triangulaire, la forme rappelant un scutoïde. © Gómez-Gálvez et al., Nature Communications, 2018

Pour vérifier les prédictions du modèle informatique, l'équipe a étudié des tissus de différents animaux, comme les glandes salivaires de la drosophile. Les données expérimentales confirment que les cellules épithéliales adoptent des formes similaires à celles prédites par le modèle informatique.

L'équipe pense que les scutoïdes stabilisent l'emballage tridimensionnel des cellules épithéliales et les maintiennent bien resserrées malgré les mouvements du tissu : les scutoïdes sont une solution trouvée par la nature pour permettre la courbure et la déformation des tissus, en utilisant le moins d'énergie possible.

Ces résultats, parus dans Nature Communications, améliorent nos connaissances fondamentales sur l'organisation des épithéliums. Ils pourraient aussi trouver des applications dans l'ingénierie tissulaire et inspirer de nouveaux types d'échafaudages pour la fabrication d'organes artificiels.
Ce qu'il faut retenir

Lors du développement embryonnaire, les épithéliums se déforment, se courbent.
Les cellules épithéliales adoptent une nouvelle forme qui favorise leur stabilité.
Cette forme jamais décrite auparavant a été appelée « scutoïde ».

ET,

La loi ne protègera pas les enfants
Madeline DA SILVA
Les Lilas, France

1 août 2018 — Ce mercredi 1er août, l’Assemblée nationale a voté le projet de loi contre les violences sexuelles.

C’est sans doute le seul texte de loi du quinquennat d’Emmanuel Macron qui portera sur ce sujet. Nous en attendions beaucoup, nous étions plus de 424 000 ici à demander un un seuil d’âge pour protéger les enfants victimes de viol. De nombreuses associations et personnalités jugeaient que c’était indispensable, qu’il était temps que la loi enfin se mette au niveau des violences sexuelles vécues par les enfants.

Comme le dit très bien le Dr Muriel Salmona présidente de l’association « Mémoire traumatique et victimologie » il s’agit d’un énorme
« FIASCO ». Je vous invite à lire son article ici :

<a href="https://bit.ly/2O2xwmu" rel="nofollow">https://bit.ly/2O2xwmu</a>

Non seulement un enfant pourra toujours être déclaré consentant à une relation sexuelle avec un adulte mais la charge de la preuve n’ayant pas été inversée c’est toujours lui qui devra s’expliquer, se justifier. Un enfant, en 2018. Nous nous préparons à des centaines de procès de Pontoise. L’occasion était là. Le Président s’y était engagé. Et bien non. C’est raté pour les enfants, ils n’ont écouté personne. Paroles, paroles...

Engagés contre toute forme de violence, nous attendions aussi des mesures contre les violences conjugales, d’autres pour lutter contre le harcèlement sexuel au travail, pour former de manière obligatoire les professionnel.le.s de santé, de la justice ou de la police ou encore des mesures pour rendre systématique l’éducation à la non-violence dès le plus jeune âge.

Encore Raté. Non seulement le texte de loi, accompagné d’un grand renfort de communication, ne protègera pas les enfants mais en plus il se révèle bien pauvre. Son impact sur nos vies sera minime, voire nul. Le gouvernement a même refusé certains amendements des parlementaires comme celui qui voulait rendre obligatoire le signalement par les médecins des maltraitances subies par les enfants.

Nous avons réussi à faire reculer le gouvernement sur “l’atteinte sexuelle avec pénétration”. Mais malgré notre formidable mobilisation, nous n’avons pas obtenu davantage pour protéger les enfants victimes de viols.

Alors ? Qu’est-ce qu’on fait maintenant ?

On continue ! La lutte pour protéger les enfants, cette lutte contre les violences sexistes et sexuelles ne va pas s’arrêter car le Parlement a voté une loi inutile. Le gouvernement ne met pas les moyens sur la table pour en finir avec les violences ? Faisons-le à sa place !

Plusieurs militantes féministes et des droits de l’enfant se sont regroupées pour préparer une déferlante féministe contre les violences sexistes et sexuelles. En Espagne, au Chili, aux Etats-Unis ou en Inde, les féministes sont descendues massivement dans les rues pour en finir avec les violences. Et nous ? On se lance ?

Si ça vous tente, rejoignez les volontaires #NousToutes. Une rencontre est prévue à la rentrée pour préparer la déferlante ! ✊

Pour rejoindre les volontaires, c’est ici ! <a href="http://noustoutes.org" rel="nofollow">http://noustoutes.org</a>

Madeline, militante féministe et des droits de l'enfant
Continuez à vous battre pour le pouvoir citoyen !

Les politiques et les PDGs les plus puissants ne devraient pas prendre toutes les décisions. Aujourd'hui, nous vous demandons d'aider à garder Change.org gratuit et indépendant. Notre travail en tant qu'entreprise sociale est d'aider les pétitions comme celle-ci à être entendues. Si toutes les personnes qui voyaient ce message participaient de quelques euros chaque mois nous assurerions le futur de Change.org dès aujourd'hui. Aidez-nous à ce que les plus puissants prennent leurs responsabilités. Pouvez-vous prendre une minute pour devenir Soutien de Change.org ?

MOSAÏQUE DE SENTIMENTS DU
CITOYEN TIGNARD YANIS

NASA JPL Compte certifié @NASAJPL
13 h il y a 13 heures
LIVE NOW 🔴 @NASAInSight: Digging Deep into Mars
Hear from the team and join the discussion: https://www.youtube.com/NASAJPL/live
Tag questions for our experts with #askNASA.

TIGNARD YANIS @TIGNARDYANIS
3 min il y a 3 minutes

TIGNARD YANIS a retweeté NASA JPL
L’ÉTERNEL NE CRAINT PAS CELUI QUI NE CROIT PAS EN LUI CAR L’ÉTERNEL EST PROPRE DE SA RAISON: LA RAISON QU'IL EST L’ÉTERNEL, LE MISÉRICORDIEUX DE SA PAROLE ET LUI SEUL EST JUSTE DE DIRE AUX HOMMES: LA PRIÈRE NE DONNE AUCUN RÉEL POUVOIR DE PENSER SUR LA NATURE ET SES ENFANTS.
TAY

et


הכנסת Compte certifié @KnessetIL 18 h
חג פסח שמח! #HappyPassover


TIGNARD YANIS @TIGNARDYANIS 2 min
En réponse à @KnessetIL
L’ÉTERNEL NE CRAINT PAS CELUI QUI NE CROIT PAS EN LUI CAR L’ÉTERNEL EST PROPRE DE SA RAISON.
Moïse: Dieu ouvre un passage en la mer rouge
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlWI9am96TM
DIEU N'EST PAS UN JOUET ET SA PRIÈRE N'EST PAS LA MORT.
SOIGNER N'EST PAS GUÉRIR MAIS GUÉRIR S'EST SOIGNER.
Y'BECCA.
Y

Wind satellite fuelled for flight.
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Aeolus/Wind_satellite_fuelled_for_flight
L’ÉTERNEL NE CRAINT PAS CELUI QUI NE CROIT PAS EN LUI CAR L’ÉTERNEL EST PROPRE DE SA RAISON :
SOIGNER N'EST PAS GUÉRIR MAIS GUÉRIR S'EST SOIGNER.
Y'BECCA.
TAY

MESSAGE DU
CITOYEN TIGNARD YANIS

"Go with the flow" means, "Relax! Let the current of life's river carry you along."

But, in life, that is not always the best way to get where you want to go.

In this game, you "Go with the Flow" only after you have fixed the currents to take you where you want to go. Where do you want to go? You want to get the KEY to the treasure chest full of GOLD, of course!

Remember just two rules:

   Salt makes water heavier, so it sinks.
   Heat makes water lighter, so it rises.

In your "current management" toolbox, you have these tools:
Game icon for salt. Blue background with sprinkling of salt crystals. Salt to make the current go down.
Icon for heat tool. Orange block. Heat to make the current go up.
Icon for current tool. Blue background with arrow pointing to right or left. A sideways current tool that you can use to send, or bend, the current to the right or left.
Icon for wall tool. Brown block with rocky texture. Walls that you can use to block currents.
Icon for submarine. With these tools, you can make your little submarine go anywhere to get the key to the treasure chest.
Icon for key to treasure chest. Key is hanging from a buoy under water. The key is attached to a buoy that drifts all around under water.
Treasure chest full of gold.

It's all yours! Just go with the flow!

If you really get stuck, check out the "Hint," but only as a last resort!


What about the salt and heat in the ocean?

If you have tasted the ocean, you know it is very salty. That is why it is easier to float in the ocean than in a fresh-water swimming pool or lake. Salty water is "thicker" or denser than fresh water. If you poured some ocean water into a lake, the ocean water would sink to the bottom.

Drawing shows cross-section of saltwater layered below fresh water.

Oops, that's not quite right.

If the ocean water is warmer than the lake water, the ocean water might not sink. That is because heat makes water lighter, or less dense. So warm salt water might float on colder fresh water.

See, it's not simple!

And what goes on in the ocean is really complicated.

The ocean is salty, but some parts are more salty than others. Why? You might think, with all those waves, it would all get mixed together.

But the ocean is big. Mixing happens by way of currents that travel all around the Earth. It is salt and heat that drive these currents.
Animtion showing extent of Arctic ice in winter and summer.

This animation shows an example of the area covered by Arctic sea ice in winter and in summer.

For example, every summer, some of the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (near the North Pole) melts. Then in winter, it freezes again. The salt doesn't freeze; only the water freezes. The salt from the ice mixes into the water below, making it even saltier. When the salt-free ice melts the next summer, the melted fresh water tends to make the upper ocean less salty. But the melt water is also colder, which makes it sink.

All this heating and cooling and melting and thawing drives big ocean currents. Cold water sinks near the poles and flows toward the equator, getting warmer as it goes. As it warms, it starts to rise and pushes the warmer surface water near the equator back toward the poles. The warm water flowing from the equator region helps warm the climate in North America and Europe.
Play this video to see the major ocean currents flow around the globe.

Play this video to see the major ocean
currents flow around the globe.

This ocean motion is called the "great ocean conveyor belt." The conveyor belt makes Earth a nice place to live. Otherwise, the equator would be way too hot and the northern and southern parts of the planet might be frozen all the time.

What would happen if the ocean became too warm and the ice did not form?

As Earth gets warmer, less ice forms in the Arctic each winter and more ice melts in the summer. How are these changes in the ocean's surface temperature and saltiness (scientists say "salinity") affecting the ocean currents? How is the melting and heating affecting the average sea level?

Some very smart spacecraft are helping to find the answers.
article last updated January 14, 2016

https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/ocean-currents/en/

Title : Grain from Japan’s Hayabusa spacecraft.
Released : 01/08/2018 9:07 am.
Copyright : ESA.
Description : http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2018/07/Grain_from_Japan_s_Hayabusa_spacecraft

Seen on a microscopic support, this sharp-edged grain of rock is an extraterrestrial object – a tiny sample from the Itokawa asteroid, retrieved by Japan’s Hayabusa mission and now being tested by ESA researchers.

Japan’s Hayabusa spacecraft was the world’s first mission to retrieve samples from the surface of an asteroid and return them to Earth. Beset by many problems, after a seven-year, six-billion-km odyssey Hayabusa returned around 1 500 precious asteroid grains to Earth.

Extremely precious, these Hayabusa grains have become the focus of scientific study around the world – and three of them are currently here, at ESA’s ESTEC technical centre in the Netherlands.

Researcher Fabrice Cipriani is leading research into their static charging properties, to understand the consequences for the surface environments of asteroids.

Watch this video interview with Fabrice produced for ESA’s Asteroid Day webcast.
Id 397571

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Lice are parasitic insects that can be found on people’s heads, and bodies.
Human lice survive by feeding on human blood.
https://health.mil/News/Articles/2018/07/31/The-things-lice-carry-stigma-and-hassle-but-no-harm …
By: Military Health System Communications Office.
For more information visit: http://www.health.mil/News  
Y'BECCA.
TAY

Army invention. Some mosquitoes aren’t merely a nuisance.
They transmit serious and even deadly maladies to humans through their bites.
https://health.mil/News/Articles/2018/07/30/Army-invention-traps-things-that-go-buzz-in-the-day
By: Military Health System Communications Office.
APHC offers more information about the Trap-N-Kill online.
TAY

----------------

Not with her ruined silver spires, Not with her cities shamed and rent, Perish the imperishable fires That shape the homestead from the tent. Edith Wharton, from "Belgium".
United States Foundation for the Commemoration of the World Wars - All Rights Reserved.

Enter Here was the world's worst wound. And here with pride 'Their name liveth for evermore' the Gateway claims. Was ever an immolation so belied As these intolerably nameless names? Well might the Dead who struggled in the slime Siegfried Sassoon : 8 09 1886 – 1 09 1967.

"There were many words that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had dignity. Abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallow were obscene." Ernest Hemingway, from Farewell to Arms.
For Whom the Bell Tolls, My Friend.

And as I sat busy thinking, How to protect the stripes, I saw my black brother drinking From the cup of disenfranchised rights I saw sons of honest toil, Robbed of life and protection. Yet they are answering Democracy's call And striving in the right direction.
By E.P. Peters

LE TÉMOIGNAGE ET LA JUSTICE. DANS LES ENTRAILLES, LE CŒUR PALPITE PAR LE SANG.
DANS LA GUERRE, L'ESPRIT S'ESTOMPE DEVANT LE SANG.
LA LIBERTÉ EST LE CRI DU COMBATTANT ET LE DROIT RÉVÈLE LE VISAGE DU POLITIQUE
CAR LA SOCIÉTÉ DIRIGE L’ÉTAT ET L'HOMME SIGNE LA GUERRE.
Y'BECCA.
TAY

MOSAÏQUE DE SENTIMENTS DU
CITOYEN TIGNARD YANIS

Title JWST: a beacon for science
Released: 31/07/2018
Length 00:03:30
Language English
Footage Type TV Exchanges
Copyright ESA
Description

Astronomers all over the world are eagerly awaiting the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope. The infrared space telescope, which will carry the largest astronomical mirror ever flown in space is one of the most complex observatories ever built. It will allow unprecedented science, including investigations into the atmospheres of exoplanets and the formation of galaxies, addressing fundamental questions in astronomy. The mission is an international collaboration between NASA, ESA and the Canadian Space Agency, and is planned for launch in 2021 on a European Ariane 5 rocket.

These films contain interviews with Olivia Jones, UK Astronomy Technology Centre (English), Hannah Wakeford, Space Telescope Science Institute (English), Stephen Wilkins, University of Sussex (English), Antonella Nota, ESA JWST project scientist for Guest Observers (English A-roll; Italian and English B-roll), Gillian Wright, European Principal Investigator for JWST MIRI instrument (English B-roll only).

http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos/2018/07/JWST_a_beacon_for_science

ET,

Dusk for Dawn: Mission of Many Firsts to Gather More Data in Home Stretch.

Pasadena Conference to Include New Insight into Dwarf Planet Ceres

As NASA's Dawn spacecraft prepares to wrap up its groundbreaking 11-year mission, which has included two successful extended missions at Ceres, it will continue to explore -- collecting images and other data.

Within a few months, Dawn is expected to run out of a key fuel, hydrazine, which feeds thrusters that control its orientation and keeps it communicating with Earth. When that happens, sometime between August and October, the spacecraft will stop operating, but it will remain in orbit around dwarf planet Ceres.

Dawn is the only spacecraft to orbit two deep-space destinations. It has given us new, up-close views of Ceres and Vesta, the largest bodies between Mars and Jupiter. During 14 months in orbit from 2011 to 2012, Dawn studied Vesta from its surface to its core. It then pulled off an unprecedented maneuver by leaving orbit and traveling through the main asteroid belt for more than two years to reach and orbit Ceres, which it has been investigating since 2015.

At Ceres, the spacecraft discovered brilliant, salty deposits decorating the dwarf planet like a smattering of diamonds. The science behind these bright spots is even more compelling: they are mainly sodium carbonate and ammonium chloride that somehow made their way to the surface in a slushy brine from within or below the crust.

These discoveries were fueled by the tremendous efficiency of ion propulsion. Dawn wasn't the first spacecraft to use ion propulsion, familiar to science-fiction fans as well as space enthusiasts, but it pushed the limits of this advanced propulsion's capabilities and stamina.

"Dawn's unique mission to orbit and explore two strange new worlds would have been impossible without ion propulsion," said Marc Rayman of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, who has served as Dawn's mission director, chief engineer and project manager. "Dawn is truly an interplanetary spaceship, and it has been outstandingly productive as it introduced these fascinating and mysterious worlds to Earth."

These days, near the end of Dawn's second extended mission at Ceres, the spacecraft continues to wow us week after week, with very close photos shot from only 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the dwarf planet -- about three times the altitude of a passenger jet.

But Wait, There's More: New Science to Come

Although the Dawn mission is winding down, the science is not. Besides the high-resolution images, the spacecraft is collecting gamma ray and neutron spectra, infrared and visible spectra, and gravity data. The observations focus on the area around Occator and Urvara craters, with the main goal of understanding the evolution of Ceres, and testing for possible ongoing geology.

"The new images of Occator Crater and the surrounding areas have exceeded expectations, revealing beautiful, alien landscapes," said Carol Raymond of JPL, principal investigator of the Dawn mission. "Ceres' unique surface appears to be shaped by impacts into its volatile-rich crust, resulting in intriguing, complex geology, as we can see in the new high-resolution mosaics of Cerealia Facula and Vinalia Faculae."

The first results of this mission phase, which started in early June, are being presented this week at the Committee on SPAce Research (COSPAR) meeting in Pasadena. Raymond and JPL scientist Jennifer Scully will offer new information on the relationships between bright and dark materials on the floor of Occator Crater, which show impact processes, landslides and cryovolcanism.

Dawn scientists are using new high-resolution data from Dawn to test and refine hypotheses about Occator crater's formation and evolution."Observations, modeling and laboratory studies helped us conclude that the bright spots are either formed by impacts interacting with the crust, or that a reservoir of briny melt contributed to their formation," said Scully.

The new images so far support the hypothesis that exposure of subsurface material in that region is ongoing, and that it is geologically active, feeding from a deep reservoir. Eleonora Ammannito of the Italian Space Agency, deputy lead for the Dawn visible and infrared mapping spectrometer, will present updated maps at the conference showing the distribution of briny materials across Ceres' surface.

Also at COSPAR, Dawn flight team member Dan Grebow of JPL will describe Dawn's final orbit, designed to abide by NASA's planetary protection protocols.

Low-altitude images collected by Dawn are posted regularly to the mission's web page here.

The Dawn mission is managed by JPL for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Dawn is a project of the directorate's Discovery Program, managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. JPL is responsible for overall Dawn mission science. Orbital ATK Inc., in Dulles, Virginia, designed and built the spacecraft. The German Aerospace Center, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Italian Space Agency and Italian National Astrophysical Institute are international partners on the mission team.

For a complete list of mission participants, visit:

https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission

More information about Dawn is available at the following sites:

https://www.nasa.gov/dawn

https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov

News Media Contact
Gretchen McCartney Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. 818-393-6215 gretchen.p.mccartney@jpl.nasa.gov Dwayne Brown / JoAnna Wendel NASA Headquarters, Washington 202-358-1726 / 202-358-1003 dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov / joanna.r.wendel@nasa.gov 2018-167

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7190&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=NASAJPL&utm_content=dawn20180716-1

This mosaic of Cerealia Facula in Occator Crater is based on images obtained by NASA's Dawn spacecraft in its second extended mission, from an altitude as low as about 21 miles (34 kilometers). Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA/PSI

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/dawn/20180716/PIA21924.jpg

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Space Station Experiment Reaches Ultracold Milestone.
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7202&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=NASAJPL&utm_content=coldatom20180727-1 …
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Lunar eclipse – 27 July 2018.
http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2018/07/Lunar_eclipse_27_July_2018 …
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Title Lunar eclipse – 27 July 2018
Released 30/07/2018 2:00 pm
Copyright ESA/CESAR–M.Castillo
Description

This unusual view of the Moon was captured during Friday’s total lunar eclipse from ESA’s European Space Astronomy Centre near Madrid in Spain, at 23:03 CEST.

The unprocessed image was taken with a Canon EOS 550D attached to a 20 cm aperture Celestron Newtonian CG8, with an exposure time of one second (ISO 1600).

During a lunar eclipse the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the light that would usually illuminate our orbiting neighbour’s surface. Instead, the reddish-orange-brown hue arises from refracted sunlight passing through the Earth’s atmosphere.

It is the same mechanism responsible for sunrises and sunsets. In fact, the red hue during a total lunar eclipse arises from the refracted light from all the sunrises and sunsets taking place at the same time around the world along the day-night boundary at that moment on Earth, projected on to the Moon’s surface.

If you were lucky enough to see the event from a vantage point on the Moon’s surface, you’d see a red ring around Earth, glowing with the light of our planet’s sunrises and sunsets – quite a sight in store for future lunar explorers, although they would have to face the rapid change in temperature as Earth’s shadow races across the surface!

The conditions in Earth’s atmosphere at the time of the eclipse – dust particles and clouds for example – can have an effect on the shade of red. Although not a scientific term, the term ‘blood moon’ is commonly used to describe the totally eclipsed red-coloured Moon.

Friday’s event was the longest eclipse of the 21st century, with totality – the time in which the Earth’s shadow completely engulfs the Moon’s surface – lasting for 103 minutes.

Missed this event? Lunar eclipses can occur up to five times a year, so there will be plenty more opportunities in the future. Furthermore, a solar eclipse always occurs about two weeks before or after a lunar eclipse. To see if you can view the partial solar eclipse coming up on 11 August, check https://www.timeanddate.com, which provides useful information on astronomical phenomena like this.

For more images of the recent total lunar eclipse from ESA’s astronomers in Spain, visit the CESAR (Cooperation through Education in Science and Astronomy Research) website.
Id 397653

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2018/07/Lunar_eclipse_27_July_2018

ET,

News | July 27, 2018
Space Station Experiment Reaches Ultracold Milestone.

The International Space Station is officially home to the coolest experiment in space.

NASA's Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) was installed in the station's U.S. science lab in late May and is now producing clouds of ultracold atoms known as Bose-Einstein condensates. These "BECs" reach temperatures just above absolute zero, the point at which atoms should theoretically stop moving entirely. This is the first time BECs have ever been produced in orbit.

NASA's Cold Atom Lab will produce clouds of ultra-cold atoms aboard the International Space Station to perform quantum physics experiments in microgravity. Atoms are chilled to about one 10 billionth of a degree above Absolute Zero, or about 10 billion times colder than the average temperature of deep space. At those temperatures, atoms behave in strange ways, allowing scientists to investigate the fundamental nature of matter.

CAL is a multiuser facility dedicated to the study of fundamental laws of nature using ultracold quantum gases in microgravity. Cold atoms are long-lived, precisely controlled quantum particles that provide an ideal platform for the study of quantum phenomena and potential applications of quantum technologies. This NASA facility is the first of its kind in space. It is designed to advance scientists' ability to make precision measurements of gravity, probing long-standing problems in quantum physics (the study of the universe at the very smallest scales), and exploring the wavelike nature of matter.

"Having a BEC experiment operating on the space station is a dream come true," said Robert Thompson, CAL project scientist and a physicist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "It's been a long, hard road to get here, but completely worth the struggle, because there's so much we're going to be able to do with this facility."

CAL scientists confirmed last week that the facility has produced BECs from atoms of rubidium, with temperatures as low as 100 nanoKelvin, or one ten-millionth of one Kelvin above absolute zero. (Absolute zero, or zero Kelvin, is equal to minu 459 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus 273 degrees Celsius). That's colder than the average temperature of space, which is about 3 Kelvin (minus 454 degrees Fahrenheit/minus 270 degrees Celsius). But the CAL scientists have their sights set even lower, and expect to reach temperatures colder than what any BEC experiments have achieved on Earth.

At these ultracold temperatures, the atoms in a BEC begin to behave unlike anything else on Earth. In fact, BECs are characterized as a fifth state of matter, distinct from gases, liquids, solids and plasma. In a BEC, atoms act more like waves than particles. The wave nature of atoms is typically only observable at microscopic scales, but BECs make this phenomenon macroscopic, and thus much easier to study. The ultracold atoms all assume their lowest energy state, and take on the same wave identity, becoming indistinguishable from one another. Together, the atom clouds are like a single "super atom," instead of individual atoms.

Not a simple instrument

"CAL is an extremely complicated instrument," said Robert Shotwell, chief engineer of JPL's astronomy and physics directorate, who has overseen the challenging project since February 2017. "Typically, BEC experiments involve enough equipment to fill a room and require near-constant monitoring by scientists, whereas CAL is about the size of a small refrigerator and can be operated remotely from Earth. It was a struggle and required significant effort to overcome all the hurdles necessary to produce the sophisticated facility that's operating on the space station today."

The first laboratory BECs were produced in 1995, but the phenomenon was first predicted 71 years earlier by physicists Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein. Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman and Wolfgang Ketterle shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics for being the first to create and characterize BECs in the lab. Five science groups, including groups led by Cornell and Ketterle, will conduct experiments with CAL during its first year. Hundreds of BEC experiments have been operated on Earth since the mid-1990s, and a few BEC experiments have even made brief trips to space aboard sounding rockets. But CAL is the first facility of its kind on the space station, where scientists can conduct daily studies of BECs over long periods.

BECs are created in atom traps, or frictionless containers made out of magnetic fields or focused lasers. On Earth, when these traps are shut off, gravity pulls on the ultracold atoms and they can only be studied for fractions of a second. The persistent microgravity of the space station allows scientists to observe individual BECs for five to 10 seconds at a time, with the ability to repeat these measurements for up to six hours per day. As the atom cloud decompresses inside the atom trap, its temperature naturally drops, and the longer the cloud stays in the trap, the colder it gets. This natural phenomenon (that a drop in pressure also means a drop in temperature) is also the reason that a can of spray paint gets cold when the paint is sprayed out: the can's internal pressure is dropping. In microgravity, the BECs can decompress to colder temperatures than any earthbound instrument. Day-to-day operations of CAL require no intervention from the astronauts aboard the station.

In addition to the BECs made from rubidium atoms, the CAL team is working toward making BECs using two different isotopes of potassium atoms.

CAL is currently in a commissioning phase, in which the operations team conducts a long series of tests to fully understand how the CAL facility operates in microgravity.

"There is a globe-spanning team of scientists ready and excited to use this facility," said Kamal Oudrhiri, JPL's mission manager for CAL. "The diverse range of experiments they plan to perform means there are many techniques for manipulating and cooling the atoms that we need to adapt for microgravity, before we turn the instrument over to the principal investigators to begin science operations." The science phase is expected to begin in early September and will last three years.

The Cold Atom Laboratory launched to the space station on May 21, 2018, aboard a Northrop Grumman (formerly Orbital ATK) Cygnus spacecraft from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Designed and built at JPL, CAL is sponsored by the International Space Station Program at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, and the Space Life and Physical Sciences Research and Applications (SLPSRA) Division of NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

For more information about the Cold Atom Lab, visit:

https://coldatomlab.jpl.nasa.gov/

News Media Contact
Calla Cofield
818-393-1821
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
calla.e.cofield@jpl.nasa.gov

2018-180

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7202&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=NASAJPL&utm_content=coldatom20180727-1

This series of graphs show the changing density of a cloud of atoms as it is cooled to lower and lower temperatures (going from left to right) approaching absolute zero. The emergence of a sharp peak in the later graphs confirms the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate -- a fifth state of matter -- occurring here at a temperature of 130 nanoKelvin, or less than 1 Kelvin above absolute zero. (Absolute zero, or zero Kelvin, is equal to minus 459 degrees Fahrenheit or minus 273 Celsius).Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
› Full image and caption :

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA22561



This graph shows the changing density of a cloud of atoms as it is cooled to lower and lower temperatures (going from left to right) approaching absolute zero. The emergence of a sharp peak in the later graphs confirms the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate -- a fifth state of matter -- occurring here at a temperature of 130 nanoKelvin, or less than 1 Kelvin above absolute zero.

The Cold Atom Laboratory launched to the space station on May 21, 2018, aboard a Northrop Grumman (formerly Orbital ATK) Cygnus spacecraft from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. Designed and built at JPL, CAL is sponsored by the International Space Station Program at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, and the Space Life and Physical Sciences Research and Applications (SLPSRA) Division of NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

More information on CAL is online at: http://coldatomlab.jpl.nasa.gov.

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